Molibdenum/Cobalt

Monofertilizers

Molibdenum (Мо) – i s a n i mportant p lant n utrient. It belongs to classic microelements. It is necessary for normal growth and development of many crops. The molybdenum content in plants reaches 0.0005-0.002% of dry matter and usually rarely reaches more than 2 mg/kg (dry matter). In plants, this trace element performs a number of important functions. Mixed valence of molybdenum is reflected in its enzymatic role associated with the electron transfer function. It is part of more than 20 enzymes, including nitrogenase, nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase. The first twoenzymes play a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism. They take part in fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and reductionof nitrates in plant. Nitrate reductase is a flavometalloproteid responsible for reduction of nitrate nitrogen to nitrite NO3-=NO2, while molybdenum acts as a carrier of electrons
Mo+5=Mo+6. There is evidence that this element takes part in the process of supplying hydrogen donors with energy, which is used in the processes of protein biosynthesis through the ATP = = ADP system, while molybdenum changes the oxidation state, Mo+6=Mo+5. In addition, this micronutrient affects biosynthesis of vitamins (vitamin C), amino acids, proteins and phosphorus metabolism. Molybdenum has a positive effect on accumulation of pigments; it was found in DNA, with which it is linked by the Mo-OPurin (Pyrimidine) bond. In plants most of this element is found in young tissues and leaves.

Cobalt (Co) is classified as a classic micronutrient. Despite the insignificant need for it, it is necessary for normal growth and development of many crops. The content of cobalt in plants on average reaches 0.00002% of dry matter and usually ranges from 0.01 to 100 mg/kg (dry matter).
This element was first discovered by Johann Forchgammer in 1854 in trees ashes. The main role that cobalt plays in plant is activation of various enzymes. Currently it is known about its effect on such enzymes as phosphatase, arginase, glycyl-glycine peptidase, aldolase, lecithinase, and several others. The activating effect of organic cobalt (in the composition of vitamin B12) is 100,000 times higher than that of inorganic. It is able to replace magnesium in chlorophyll, forming more complexes that are resistant and increasing the resistance of this pigment to destruction in the dark. Under the influence of this element, the content of chlorophyll,
carbohydrates, vitamins increases, the intensity of respiration and photosynthesis increases, the supply and absorption of nitrogen increases. Known to enhance nitrogen fixation by legumes bacteria, it participates in biosynthesis of leghemoglobin. The most known compound of plant origin containing cobalt in its composition is vitamin B12, a derivative of corrin. Methylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin,
5-deoxy-deozinoquinobalamin and hydroxycobalamin are somewhat similar in composition and function to the chemical substances. Another cobalt methylcorrinoid corrin derivative serves as a methyl group donor for methylation processes. For example, fusaric acid secreted by causative agent of fusarium wilt loses its toxicity in the methylation process. There is evidence of connection of cobalt with exchange of phytohormones – auxins.